2/18/2023 0 Comments Coherence theory of truth![]() ![]() Among the philosophers who grappled with this problem is Alfred Tarski, whose semantic theory is summarized further below in this article. Thus, the language itself adds an additional parameter to the construction of an accurate truth predicate. The German word Zeitgeist is one such example: one who speaks or understands the language may "know" what it means, but any translation of the word fails to accurately capture its full meaning (this is a problem with many abstract words, especially those derived in agglutinative languages). For example, language plays a role in that all languages have words that are not easily translatable into another. More modern theorists have stated that this ideal cannot be achieved independently of some analysis of additional factors. For example, there is a true distance to the moon when we humans attempt to go there, and this true distance is necessary to know so that the journey can be successfully made.Ĭorrespondence theory traditionally operates on the assumption that truth is a matter of accurately copying "objective reality" and then representing it in thoughts, words and other symbols. ![]() This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a representation is determined in principle solely by how it relates to objective reality, by whether it accurately describes that reality. It is a traditional model which goes back at least to some of the classical Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. This type of theory attempts to posit a relationship between thoughts or statements on the one hand and things or objects on the other. Substantive theories Correspondence theoryĬorrespondence theories claim that true beliefs and true statements correspond to the actual state of affairs. There also have more recently arisen "deflationary" or "minimalist" theories of truth based on the idea that the application of a term like true to a statement does not assert anything significant about it, for instance, anything about its nature, but that the label truth is a tool of discourse used to express agreement, to emphasize claims, or to form certain types of generalizations. These theories each present perspectives that are widely agreed by published scholars to apply in some way to a broad set of occurrences that can be observed in human interaction, or which offer significant, stable explanations for issues related to the idea of truth in human experience. Questions about what is a proper basis on which to decide how words, symbols, ideas and beliefs may properly be said to constitute truth, whether for a single person or an entire community or society, are among the many questions addressed by the theories introduced below.Įach of the five substantive theories below deal with truth as something with a nature, a phenomenon, or thing, or type of human experience about which significant things can be said. Romance languages use terms continuing Latin veritas, while Greek with aletheia and Slavic with pravda have unrelated terms. Īll Germanic languages besides English have introduced a terminological distinction between truth "fidelity" and truth "factuality." To express "factuality," North Germanic opted for nouns derived from sanna "to assert, affirm," while continental West Germanic (German and Dutch) opted for continuations of wâra "faith, trust, pact" (cognate to Slavic věra "(religious) faith," but influenced by Latin verus). Thus, truth in its original sense is the quality of "faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, sincerity, veracity",, and the narrowed sense "in agreement with fact or reality," in Anglo-Saxon expressed by sōþ, is a secondary development coupled to the process of " Enlightenment" in seventeenth century philosophy. Old Norse trú, means "faith, word of honour religious faith, belief" (archaic English troth "loyalty, honesty, good faith," compare Ásatrú). , all from a Proto-Germanic *trewwj- "having good faith." The English word true is derived from the Old English (West Saxon) word (ge)tríewe, tréowe, cognate to Old Saxon (gi)trûui, Old High German (ga)triuwu (Modern German treu "faithful"), Old Norse tryggr, Gothic triggws. Like troth, it is a -th nominalisation of the adjective true (Old English tréowe). An example is in Jesus' words "I am the truth" that indicate an inseparable relationship between truth and human existence.Įnglish truth is from Old English tríewþ, tréowþ, trýwþ, Middle English trewþe, cognate to Old High German triuwida, Old Norse tryggð. Truth is also understood not only as a matter of conceptual understanding, but as an issue of embodiment, which involves an existential way of being, religious experience, or way of living. In religious contexts, truth is often attributed to the divine origin and associated as being eternal, absolute, and immutable. ![]()
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